Since the birth of cameras in the late
1800’s there have been only few photographs taken that are universally
recognisable; whether they were capturing a historic moment, or a famous
person. But there is one which is neither of the two. Published in June
1985 on the cover of the National Geographic magazine, which would
eventually become the most recognised photo in the history of the
magazine, ‘The Afghan Girl’ put a face to the millions
of refugees displaced from their homes because of the growing conflict
between the Soviets and the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. The image was
praised widely as the ‘Modern Mona Lisa’, still has influence to this
day, and is considered one of the most famous photographs ever taken.
Steve McCurry, the photographer behind this photo was a photojournalist
who became famous for documenting the Soviet-Afghan war. In 1979 at the
age of 29, McCurry met with two Mujahideen fighters in Northern Pakistan
who secretly took him across the border to document the developing
civil war in the region. The photos he took would launch his career as a
documentary photographer. He remained in the region for several years
after, continuing to document the war as well as the Indian railways,
and the 1983 monsoon in India. He had grown a reputation as ‘the’
photographer to go to, to capture the war. In 1984 when National
Geographic wanted to feature the ever growing refugee problem growing
along the Afghan-Pakistan border, they tasked McCurry to capture it.
McCurry, over a 4 month period, travelled to the 30 or so refugee camps
that had been set up along the border in the North West region of
Pakistan. The camps had been there for years, since the conflict first
began in 1979. Despite this, the people living in the camps still had
little provisions or protection from the elements. Temporary classrooms
had been set up for the children in the camps and this is where McCurry
would take his iconic photo.
While walking around the Nasir Bagh refugee camp he had heard the sound
of children coming from one of the tents. He discovered one of the tents
being used as a temporary girls school, filled with a class of
students. He asked the teacher for permission to observe and take
photos, that’s when he noticed a shy girl sitting off in a corner of the
tent - “I spotted this young girl, whose name I learned years later was
Sharbat Gula. She had an intense, haunted look, a really penetrating
gaze - and yet she was only about twelve years old. She was very shy,
and I thought if I photographed other children first she would be more
likely to agree because at some point she wouldn’t want to be left out.”
McCurry took photos in the meantime while waiting for the perfect
moment to shoot the girl. “There must have been about fifteen girls
there. They were all very young, and they were doing what school
children do all over the world - running around, making noise, and
stirring up a lot of dust. But in that brief moment when I photographed
Gula, I didn’t hear the noise or see the other kids. It was very
powerful.” It was an instant connection to this girl, a connection that
would be shared worldwide when the photo was shared, “I guess she was as
curious about me as I was about her, because she had never been
photographed and had probably never seen a camera. After a few moments
she got up and walked away, but for an instant everything was right -
the light, the background, and the expression in her eyes.”
Check out this ‘Mini-Doc’ by National Geographic about Steve McCurry and the ‘Afghan Girl’:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciXIaCF80ao&t
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